Instrument reprocessing is a key component of infection control. Core steps in instrument reprocessing for handpieces, motors, and other attachments are similar to other instruments and devices; however, there are also specific steps that differ and vary by type and manufacturer. All such devices that attach to and detach from the dental unit air and waterlines should be cleaned and heat sterilized (autoclaved) following the manufacturer’s instructions for reprocessing. In addition, device maintenance is essential for proper functioning, safety, and the longevity of these devices. Consideration should also be given to burs and their role in effective, efficient, and safe patient care.